Comparison between the conventional method and a portable device for determination of INR / Determinação do INR: comparação entre método convencional e dispositivo portátil

CONTEXT: Anticoagulation with warfarin is considered the appropriate treatment for venous thromboembolism and other thrombotic pathologies. Regular INR control is required for dosage adjustment and therapeutic control. Use of portable monitoring systems optimizes management of these patients. OBJECTIVE: To compare INR measurements taken using the portable Coaguchek XS system in capillary blood with the standard laboratory method using venous blood. METHOD: Fifty-two samples each of venous and capillary blood were collected from nineteen patients on warfarin, who had been admitted to the Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, and analyzed using the conventional method and the Coaguchek XS system, respectively. RESULTS: Spearman's correlation coefficient ® for the overall performance of the two methods was 0.978 (p<0.0001; 95%CI 0.961-0.988). The Kappa measure of agreement for all patients was 76.8% (p<0.001; IC: 95% 0.975-0.561). Mean INR according to the Coaguchek XS system underestimated the values provided by the conventional method by -0.01 INR points, with a standard error of 0.342. Results for INR values greater than 3.5 were satisfactory with a correlation coefficient of 0.71, but without statistical significance (p>0.714). CONCLUSIONS: The Coaguchek XS system can be used to monitor prothrombin time in patients on oral anticoagulants, provided INR values greater than 3.5 are confirmed using the conventional laboratory method...

CONTEXTO: Anticoagulação por varfarina (warfarin) é considerada tratamento adequado para tromboembolismo venoso e outras patologias trombóticas. Deve ser realizada a mensuração do Índice Internacional Normalizado (INR) para ajuste de dosagem de medicamento para manutenção dos pacientes na faixa terapêutica. O uso de dispositivos portáteis otimiza o controle desses pacientes. OBJETIVO: Comparar as medidas do INR realizadas pelo sistema portátil Coaguchek XS, em sangue capilar, com o método laboratorial padrão em sangue venoso. MÉTODO: Dezenove pacientes em uso de varfarina, internados no Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, foram submetidos à coleta de 52 amostras analisadas pelo método convencional e coleta de sangue capilar para medida com o sistema Coaguchek XS. RESULTADOS: O coeficiente de correlação (r) de Spearman por meio da comparação de desempenho global entre os dois métodos foi de 0,978 (p<0,0001; IC: 95% 0,961-0,988). O percentual de concordância Kappa para todas as faixas foi de 76,8% (p<0,001; IC: 95% 0,975-0,561). O INR médio do sistema Coaguchek XS subestimou os valores obtidos em -0,01 pontos de INR, quando comparado ao método convencional, com erro padrão de 0,342. Valores acima de 3,5 mostraram resultados satisfatórios com coeficiente de correlação de 0,71, mas sem significância estatística (p>0,714). CONCLUSÕES: O sistema Coaguchek XS pode ser utilizado na monitorização do tempo de protrombina em pacientes com uso de anticoagulantes orais, desde que valores de INR acima de 3,5 sejam confirmados por meio de medidas realizadas em laboratório convencional...

Should plasma be transfused prophylactically before invasive procedures?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Plasma transfusion to correct abnormal coagulation test results prior to an invasive procedure is a common clinical practice; however, there are no evidence-based guidelines. This review aims to analyze the most recent publications to either support or disprove such practice. RECENT FINDINGS: Due to heightened awareness of transfusion-related acute lung injury and volume overload in susceptible patients, clinicians are increasingly questioning the validity of prophylactic plasma transfusion. Recently, several articles, reviews and clinical studies (although small and poorly designed) have shown no benefit of prophylactic plasma transfusion in either correcting abnormal coagulation tests or reducing perceived risk of hemorrhage. SUMMARY: The use of sensitive reagents (especially for prothrombin time) has resulted in increased incidence of abnormal preprocedure coagulation screening test results - tests that are not designed to assess risk of bleeding in patients without a history of bleeding. Transfusion of plasma prior to an invasive procedure to correct mild to moderate abnormal test results neither corrects the abnormality nor reduces the perceived bleeding risk.

Thromboembolic risk factors in patients undergoing kidney transplant: implication of abnormally short activated partial thromboplastin time.

This study was designed to examine the relationship of short activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) to the incidence of thromboembolic events, hereditary and acquired coagulation defects associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, or cardiovascular diseases in patients undergoing renal transplantation. The prevalence of these conditions in our patients (n = 436) was 55%. Forty-two percent of the patients had short aPTT or PT. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with short aPTT have an odds ratio (OR) = 2.15, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) (1.27-3.64) (p = 0.0042), and for patients with short PT, an OR = 2.01, 95% CI (0.99-4.08) (p = 0.052). Our study also suggests that other risk factors, including non-white ethnicity (98% blacks), OR = 1.64, 95% CI (1.01-2.67) (p = 0.047), diabetes mellitus, OR = 2.62, 95% CI (1.11-6.18) (P = 0.028), and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) (p < 0.0001). Short aPTT results, or probably short PT results, pre- or post-transplantation may be associated with increased risks for thromboembolism.